prefixes
prefix
meaning
examples
a-, an-, ab-
without, not, away from
atypical, anhydrous, abnormal, abduct, amoral
ad, ac, ag, at
to
advent, accrue (accummulate), agressive, attract
abs-
away, departing from
abstract
ambi-
both
ambivalent
ante-
before
antedated, anteroom
anti-
against, opposite
antislavery, antifascist, antipathy
auto-
self
automobile
bi-, du, di
two
biannual, binocular, bicentennial, dichotomy, bisect (cut in two), duet
cent-
hundred
centennial
circum-
around
circumnavigate
co-, com-, col
together with, joint
coexist, co-author, compliant, collate
contra
against
contrary
counter-
opposite
counterattack, counterclockwise
de-
to reverse an action, to remove, to deprive of, from, down
demobilize, decentralize, delete, descend
deca
ten
decade
dis-, di-
not, opposite, apart
disconnect, disobey, disperse (scatter), delate (rel. late)
en-
to put into, to make
enlarge, enclose
ex-
previous, former
ex-minister
ex-
out
exit, elicit (obtain)
extra-
outside, beyond
extracurricular
hyper-
overly, excessively
hypertension, hyperactive
in, il, im, ir, un
not, without, lacking
incomplete, irregular, illegal, impossible, intrepid (fearless), illicit (unlawful)
infra-
below, beneath
infrastructure
inter-
between, among
international, interrupt
intra-, intro-, in
within
intramural (native), introduction, inside
macro-
large
macroeconomics
mal-
bad, wrongful, ill
malnutrition, malediction (damnation, condemnation)
micro-
small
microchip
mid-
in the middle of
mid-June
mis-
wrongly, bad, astray
misbehave, mistreat
mono-, uni-
one, single
monorail, monotheist, monosyllable
multi-
many
multipurpose
neo-
new, recent
neoconservative
non-
not
non-essential
non, nov
nine
nonagenarian
oct-
eight
octogon, octopus
omni-
all
omnipotent
per
through
permeate (pervade, penetrate)
peri
around
perimeter (boundary, periphery)
poly, multi
many
polytheist, multilingual
post-
after
postwar, postoperative
pre-
before
prehistoric, precedence (preference, priority), predecessor (precursor, ancestor)
pro-
in favor of, for, forward
prodemocratic, propose, proponents (defender)
quadr, quat
four
quadrangle, quatrain (poem of 4 lines)
quint, penta
five
quintuplet, pentagon
re-
again, back
reelect, reopen, review
retro-
back
retroactive
semi-
partly, half
semicircle, semicolon
sext-, hexa
six
sextet, hexagon
sept-
seven
septennial
sub-
under, less than normal
subway, subnormal, submarine
super-
above, beyond, greater than
supermarket, superman, supervisor
syn-
sym-
together, at the same time
synthesis
trans-
across
transatlantic, transport, transplant
tri-
three
tricycle, trilingual, triplet, triple (three-way, three times, increase threefold)
ultra-
extremely, beyond
ultramodern, ultraviolet
un-
not, opposite, reverse an action
unknown, undisturbed
uni-
one
uniform
suffixes that form nouns
suffix
meaning
original word
new word
-acy, -cy
state, quality
candidate
candidacy, potency
-age
result, process
drain
drainage
-ance, - ence
state, quality
guide, exist
guidance, existence, complacence
- ant, -ent
agent, doer
consult, reside
consultant, resident
-action
action
condemn
condemnation
-ition, -ion
state, result
abolish, fuse
abolition, fusion
-dom
condition, state, domain
wise, king
wisdom, kingdom
-ee
one receiving action
trust
trustee
-eer
doer, worker
engine
engineer
-er, -or
doer, maker. resident
narrate, London
narrator, Londoner
-full
amount
spoon
spoonful
-hood
state, condition
child
childhood
-ism
system
feudal
feudalism
-ity
state, quality
valid
validity
-ive
agent, doer
detect
detective
-ment
action, result
amaze
amazement, contentment
-ness
quality, state
vivid
vividness
-(e)ry
people or things as a whole
rob, dentist
robbery, dentistry
-ship
state, condition
member
membership
-tude
quality, state
serve
servitude
-ure
result, means
depart
departure
-y
result, action
jealous
jealousy
suffixes that form adjectives
suffix
meaning
original word
new adjective
-able, -ible
capable of being
reason, comprehend, eat
reasonable, comprehensible, edible, readable
-al
relating to
season, tradition
seasonal
-ant, -ent
doing, showing
appear observe
apparent, observant
-ary
tending to, relating to
fragment,
fragmentary, aviary (bird sanctuary, bird house)
-ate
full of, having
affection
affectionate
-en
made of, like
gold
golden
-ful
full of, having
wonder
wonderful
-ic
relating to, characteristic of
German, romance
Germanic, romantic, atmospheric
- ive
given to
attract
attractive
-less
lacking, without
life
lifeless, penniless
-like
similar, like
ape, bell
apelike, bell-like
-ly
like, characteristic of
mother
motherly
-ous
full of, marked by
fury
furious
-some
apt to
trouble
troublesome
-ward
in the direction of
west
westward
-y
like, showing
shade
shady
-an, - ian
belonging
America
American
-ese
sth or sb of a place or a style
Japan
Japanese
-ine
sth or sb characteristic of
Florence
Florentine
-ish
sth characteristic of
Spain
Spanish
-ist
doer, believer, related to
Buddha
Buddhist
suffixes that form verbs
suffix
meaning
original word
new verb
-ate
become, form, treat
hyphen
hyphenate
-en
make, cause, to be
wide
widen
-fy, -ify
cause, make to be
solid
solidify
-ize
make, cause to be
central
centralize
latin roots
root
meaning
examples
-am-
love, friend
amiable, amorous
-aqu-
water
aquarium, aqueduct (artificial waterway)
-audi-
hear
audience, audible
-bell-
war
bellicose (hostile), belligerent (warlike)
-ben-
good, well
benevolent (generous), beneficiary
-brev-
short
brief, abbreviate
-cap-, -capit-
head
capital, captain
-cent-
hundred
century, centennial
-cogn-
know
cognizant (aware), recognize
-cred-
believe
incredulous (suspicious), credible
-domin-, -domit-
lord, master
dominate, predominant
-duc-
lead
educate, abduct (kidnap)
-equ-
equal
equal, equate
-fac-, -fec-
do, make
effect, manufacture
-fin-
end
final, confine (enclose, restrict)
-frag-, frac-
break
fragment, fracture
-fus-
pour
infuse (inspire), effusive (talkative)
-gen-
kind, sort, origin
generation, general
-junct-
join
conjunction, juncture
-leg-, -lect-
read
legible (readable), intellect
-loc-
place
dislocate, location
-loqu-
speak
eloquent (well-spoken)
-man-
hand
manipulate, manual
-milli-, -mille-
thousand
milligram, millennium
-mit-, -miss-
send
transmit, mission
-more-
die
immortal
-ped-
foot
pedal, biped
-port-
carry
transport, export
-reg-, -rect-
rule, right
correct, regular
-sci-
know
science, conscious
-scrib-, scrip-
write
describe, inscription
-spect-
sight
spectator, inspect
-temp-
time, season
temporary, tempo
-tract-
draw, pull
extract, traction
-uni-
one
union, unify
-ven-, -vent-
come
prevent, venture
-vid-, -vis-
see
evident, vision
-vit-
life
vitamin, vital
illegible, audiovisual, amity, transfusion, retrospect, precognition, manuscript, decapitate (cut of one’s head), aquatic, ascribe, immortal, indomitable (unconquerable), contemporary
greek roots
root
meaning
examples
-aero-
air
aerocraft, aeronaut
-astro-, aster-
star
asteroid (celestial body), astrology
-anthrop-
man, human
anthropology, misanthropic (antisocial)
-bibli-
book
bible, bibliography
-bio-
life
biology, biography
-chrom-
colour
chromosome, chromatic (multicolour)
-chron-
time
chronology, chronic
-cosm-
world
cosmic (vast), cosmos
-crat-
rule, power
democrat, aristocrat
-cript-
secret, hidden
cryptography, cryptic (ambiguous)
-dem-
people
democrat, demographics
-gen-
rule, kind
genesis, genealogy (derivation)
-geo-
earth
geology, geography
-graph-, -gram-
write, writing
telegram, biography
-hom-
same
homonym, homogenize
-hydr-
water
hydroelectric, hydraulic jack (tool for lifting)
-log-
word, study
logic, biology
-metr-, -meter-
measure, instrument
metric, thermometer
-morph-
form, shape
morpheme, metamorphosis (changes)
-naut-, -naus-
ship, sail, sailor
nautical, nausea
-nym-
name
synonym, antonym
-path-
suffering, feeling
pathetic, sympathy
-phil-
like, love
philanthropy (charity),
philosophy
-phob-
fear
phobia, hydrophobia
-phon-
sound
telephone, phonetics
-phot-
light
photograph, photoelectric
-polis-, -polit-
city
metropolis (chief city), politics
-psych-
soul, mind
psychology, psyche
-scop-
examine, instrument
microscope, telescope
-soph-
wise, wisdom
philosopher, sophistry (fallacious reasoning)
-tele-
far, distant
telegram, television
-theo-, -thei-
god
theologian, atheist
-therm-
heat
thermostat, thermal
-zo-
animal, life
zoology, protozoan (living organism)
cosmopolitan, telepathy, phonology, microcosm, symbiotic, theology, chronometer, dehydrate, monochromatic, apathy
prefix
meaning
examples
a-, an-, ab-
without, not, away from
atypical, anhydrous, abnormal, abduct, amoral
ad, ac, ag, at
to
advent, accrue (accummulate), agressive, attract
abs-
away, departing from
abstract
ambi-
both
ambivalent
ante-
before
antedated, anteroom
anti-
against, opposite
antislavery, antifascist, antipathy
auto-
self
automobile
bi-, du, di
two
biannual, binocular, bicentennial, dichotomy, bisect (cut in two), duet
cent-
hundred
centennial
circum-
around
circumnavigate
co-, com-, col
together with, joint
coexist, co-author, compliant, collate
contra
against
contrary
counter-
opposite
counterattack, counterclockwise
de-
to reverse an action, to remove, to deprive of, from, down
demobilize, decentralize, delete, descend
deca
ten
decade
dis-, di-
not, opposite, apart
disconnect, disobey, disperse (scatter), delate (rel. late)
en-
to put into, to make
enlarge, enclose
ex-
previous, former
ex-minister
ex-
out
exit, elicit (obtain)
extra-
outside, beyond
extracurricular
hyper-
overly, excessively
hypertension, hyperactive
in, il, im, ir, un
not, without, lacking
incomplete, irregular, illegal, impossible, intrepid (fearless), illicit (unlawful)
infra-
below, beneath
infrastructure
inter-
between, among
international, interrupt
intra-, intro-, in
within
intramural (native), introduction, inside
macro-
large
macroeconomics
mal-
bad, wrongful, ill
malnutrition, malediction (damnation, condemnation)
micro-
small
microchip
mid-
in the middle of
mid-June
mis-
wrongly, bad, astray
misbehave, mistreat
mono-, uni-
one, single
monorail, monotheist, monosyllable
multi-
many
multipurpose
neo-
new, recent
neoconservative
non-
not
non-essential
non, nov
nine
nonagenarian
oct-
eight
octogon, octopus
omni-
all
omnipotent
per
through
permeate (pervade, penetrate)
peri
around
perimeter (boundary, periphery)
poly, multi
many
polytheist, multilingual
post-
after
postwar, postoperative
pre-
before
prehistoric, precedence (preference, priority), predecessor (precursor, ancestor)
pro-
in favor of, for, forward
prodemocratic, propose, proponents (defender)
quadr, quat
four
quadrangle, quatrain (poem of 4 lines)
quint, penta
five
quintuplet, pentagon
re-
again, back
reelect, reopen, review
retro-
back
retroactive
semi-
partly, half
semicircle, semicolon
sext-, hexa
six
sextet, hexagon
sept-
seven
septennial
sub-
under, less than normal
subway, subnormal, submarine
super-
above, beyond, greater than
supermarket, superman, supervisor
syn-
sym-
together, at the same time
synthesis
trans-
across
transatlantic, transport, transplant
tri-
three
tricycle, trilingual, triplet, triple (three-way, three times, increase threefold)
ultra-
extremely, beyond
ultramodern, ultraviolet
un-
not, opposite, reverse an action
unknown, undisturbed
uni-
one
uniform
suffixes that form nouns
suffix
meaning
original word
new word
-acy, -cy
state, quality
candidate
candidacy, potency
-age
result, process
drain
drainage
-ance, - ence
state, quality
guide, exist
guidance, existence, complacence
- ant, -ent
agent, doer
consult, reside
consultant, resident
-action
action
condemn
condemnation
-ition, -ion
state, result
abolish, fuse
abolition, fusion
-dom
condition, state, domain
wise, king
wisdom, kingdom
-ee
one receiving action
trust
trustee
-eer
doer, worker
engine
engineer
-er, -or
doer, maker. resident
narrate, London
narrator, Londoner
-full
amount
spoon
spoonful
-hood
state, condition
child
childhood
-ism
system
feudal
feudalism
-ity
state, quality
valid
validity
-ive
agent, doer
detect
detective
-ment
action, result
amaze
amazement, contentment
-ness
quality, state
vivid
vividness
-(e)ry
people or things as a whole
rob, dentist
robbery, dentistry
-ship
state, condition
member
membership
-tude
quality, state
serve
servitude
-ure
result, means
depart
departure
-y
result, action
jealous
jealousy
suffixes that form adjectives
suffix
meaning
original word
new adjective
-able, -ible
capable of being
reason, comprehend, eat
reasonable, comprehensible, edible, readable
-al
relating to
season, tradition
seasonal
-ant, -ent
doing, showing
appear observe
apparent, observant
-ary
tending to, relating to
fragment,
fragmentary, aviary (bird sanctuary, bird house)
-ate
full of, having
affection
affectionate
-en
made of, like
gold
golden
-ful
full of, having
wonder
wonderful
-ic
relating to, characteristic of
German, romance
Germanic, romantic, atmospheric
- ive
given to
attract
attractive
-less
lacking, without
life
lifeless, penniless
-like
similar, like
ape, bell
apelike, bell-like
-ly
like, characteristic of
mother
motherly
-ous
full of, marked by
fury
furious
-some
apt to
trouble
troublesome
-ward
in the direction of
west
westward
-y
like, showing
shade
shady
-an, - ian
belonging
America
American
-ese
sth or sb of a place or a style
Japan
Japanese
-ine
sth or sb characteristic of
Florence
Florentine
-ish
sth characteristic of
Spain
Spanish
-ist
doer, believer, related to
Buddha
Buddhist
suffixes that form verbs
suffix
meaning
original word
new verb
-ate
become, form, treat
hyphen
hyphenate
-en
make, cause, to be
wide
widen
-fy, -ify
cause, make to be
solid
solidify
-ize
make, cause to be
central
centralize
latin roots
root
meaning
examples
-am-
love, friend
amiable, amorous
-aqu-
water
aquarium, aqueduct (artificial waterway)
-audi-
hear
audience, audible
-bell-
war
bellicose (hostile), belligerent (warlike)
-ben-
good, well
benevolent (generous), beneficiary
-brev-
short
brief, abbreviate
-cap-, -capit-
head
capital, captain
-cent-
hundred
century, centennial
-cogn-
know
cognizant (aware), recognize
-cred-
believe
incredulous (suspicious), credible
-domin-, -domit-
lord, master
dominate, predominant
-duc-
lead
educate, abduct (kidnap)
-equ-
equal
equal, equate
-fac-, -fec-
do, make
effect, manufacture
-fin-
end
final, confine (enclose, restrict)
-frag-, frac-
break
fragment, fracture
-fus-
pour
infuse (inspire), effusive (talkative)
-gen-
kind, sort, origin
generation, general
-junct-
join
conjunction, juncture
-leg-, -lect-
read
legible (readable), intellect
-loc-
place
dislocate, location
-loqu-
speak
eloquent (well-spoken)
-man-
hand
manipulate, manual
-milli-, -mille-
thousand
milligram, millennium
-mit-, -miss-
send
transmit, mission
-more-
die
immortal
-ped-
foot
pedal, biped
-port-
carry
transport, export
-reg-, -rect-
rule, right
correct, regular
-sci-
know
science, conscious
-scrib-, scrip-
write
describe, inscription
-spect-
sight
spectator, inspect
-temp-
time, season
temporary, tempo
-tract-
draw, pull
extract, traction
-uni-
one
union, unify
-ven-, -vent-
come
prevent, venture
-vid-, -vis-
see
evident, vision
-vit-
life
vitamin, vital
illegible, audiovisual, amity, transfusion, retrospect, precognition, manuscript, decapitate (cut of one’s head), aquatic, ascribe, immortal, indomitable (unconquerable), contemporary
greek roots
root
meaning
examples
-aero-
air
aerocraft, aeronaut
-astro-, aster-
star
asteroid (celestial body), astrology
-anthrop-
man, human
anthropology, misanthropic (antisocial)
-bibli-
book
bible, bibliography
-bio-
life
biology, biography
-chrom-
colour
chromosome, chromatic (multicolour)
-chron-
time
chronology, chronic
-cosm-
world
cosmic (vast), cosmos
-crat-
rule, power
democrat, aristocrat
-cript-
secret, hidden
cryptography, cryptic (ambiguous)
-dem-
people
democrat, demographics
-gen-
rule, kind
genesis, genealogy (derivation)
-geo-
earth
geology, geography
-graph-, -gram-
write, writing
telegram, biography
-hom-
same
homonym, homogenize
-hydr-
water
hydroelectric, hydraulic jack (tool for lifting)
-log-
word, study
logic, biology
-metr-, -meter-
measure, instrument
metric, thermometer
-morph-
form, shape
morpheme, metamorphosis (changes)
-naut-, -naus-
ship, sail, sailor
nautical, nausea
-nym-
name
synonym, antonym
-path-
suffering, feeling
pathetic, sympathy
-phil-
like, love
philanthropy (charity),
philosophy
-phob-
fear
phobia, hydrophobia
-phon-
sound
telephone, phonetics
-phot-
light
photograph, photoelectric
-polis-, -polit-
city
metropolis (chief city), politics
-psych-
soul, mind
psychology, psyche
-scop-
examine, instrument
microscope, telescope
-soph-
wise, wisdom
philosopher, sophistry (fallacious reasoning)
-tele-
far, distant
telegram, television
-theo-, -thei-
god
theologian, atheist
-therm-
heat
thermostat, thermal
-zo-
animal, life
zoology, protozoan (living organism)
cosmopolitan, telepathy, phonology, microcosm, symbiotic, theology, chronometer, dehydrate, monochromatic, apathy
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